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Explain the composition of the atmosphere.

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The gaseous cover found around the Earth is called the atmosphere.

Composition of the atmosphere: The atmosphere is a mixture of many gases. Apart from these gases, water vapour and dust is also found in the atmosphere. There are mainly 9 kinds of gases found in the atmosphere, in which nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, helium, neon, hydrogen, krypton and ozone are the major ones.

All of these gases, the highest amount of nitrogen gas (78.08 per cent) is found in the atmosphere. After this, oxygen comes at 20.95 per cent, argon at 0.93 per cent, carbon dioxide at 0. 03 per cent, neon at 0.0018 per cent, helium at 0.0005 per cent, ozone at 0.000006 per cent and hydrogen at 0.00005 per cent.

The details of some major gases found in the atmosphere are as follows:

1. Nitrogen: This gas reflects the effect of air pressure, wind speed and reflection of light. It does not have any colour, odor or taste. This gas produces proteins in trees-plants. It is a helpful gas in the control of fire. 

2. Oxygen: It is a life supporting gas. It is an essential gas for the burning of objects that provides energy and also creates carbohydrates. 

3. Ozone: This is a very important gas which absorbs the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. It is important for solar radiation and climate. 

4. Carbon dioxide: This gas arising from the burning of objects is helpful in photosynthesis. Presently, its volume is increasing.

Water vapor: Water vapor is present in the lower layers of the atmosphere. 90 per cent of the entire water vapor in the atmosphere extends up to 8 km. .The average amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is 2 per cent.

Dust particles: Particles of microscopic dust suspended due to the motion of air in the atmosphere. These dust particles come in the form of fine soil, dust, sea salt, volcanic ash and meteorite dust. The presence of these dust particles is found only in the lower layers of the atmosphere.

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