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What is meant by Tide? Explain the origin and types of tides.

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Tides: Tide is an important process of the motions of the sea water because the tidal waves produced by the gravitational force of the sun and the moon rise up and fall down regularly. The water level of the sea does not remain the same.

This sea water rises up and falls down twice a day at a fixed interval. Rising up of the sea level is called Tide and its falling down is called Ebb. The origin of tides is due to the gravitational force of the earth, the moon and the sun. The nature and height of the tides vary on different places.

Origin of Tides: The origin of tides is due to the gravitational force of the earth, the moon and the sun. Gravity pulls the whole earth towards the sun and the moon, but its impact is more on the water than the land. Although, the sun is much bigger than the moon, yet the influence of gravitational force of the moon is twice of the influence of the sun. The reason for this is that the sun, in comparison to the moon, is located at a much greater distance from the earth.

Types of Tides: 

There are two types of tides: 

1. Spring Tide 

2. Neap Tide

1. Spring Tide: The situation of spring tide occurs on the days of the Full Moon and the New Moon. When the sun, the earth and the moon, all three are in a straight line, this situation is called Syzygy. Once in a month, the moon is so thin that it looks like a silver thread in the sky. On the contrary, once in month, the moon is fully visible in the sky. Both the times in every month, the spring tides are produced.

When both, the sun and the moon, are on one side of the earth, this situation is called Conjunction. This situation occurs on the day of the New Moon. When the earth comes between the sun and the moon, then this situation is called Opposition. This situation occurs on the day of the Full Moon. In such a situation, the combined effect of the gravitational force of the sun and the moon takes place on the earth, due to which the spring tides are formed.

2. Neap Tide: They are 20 % less in height than the ordinary tides. Two days of the month, on the days of Ashtami of the Shukla – paksha and the Krishna – paksha, when the sun, the earth and the moon are at right angles, to one another, the neap tides are produced. Gravitational force of the sun and the moon act against each other. As a result, the tide with lesser height is formed which is called the Neap Tide.

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