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in Ocean: Relief, Temperature and Salinity by (42.9k points)
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Explaining the relief, describe the relief features of oceanic bottom.

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Physical Land forms of the Earth’s Surface: Mountain, plateau and plain, that is, the surface landscapes are called the Relief. The word relief is used to express the inequalities and variations in the physical profiles of the earth’s surface.

Relief Features of oceanic Bottom: Like the continents, the oceans are also the First Order Relief. 

The relief features found in the oceanic regions are classified as follows:

1. Continental Shelf 

2. Continental Slope 

3. Deep Sea Plain 

4. Oceanic Deeps

1. Continental Shelf: It refers to the sub-merged coast. Thus, those parts of the continents which remain sub-merged in ocean are called Continental Shelf. Their maximum depth is usually 100 fathom and slope is between 1 degree to 3 degree. The continental shelf with gentle slope has more width, and the continental shelf with steep slope has less width.

The average width is 75 km. They are extended on 7.6 % part of the total area of the oceans. The vegetation and living creatures increase on the entrance of sun rays in this part. Sediments carried by rivers accumulate here. Thus, this part of the ocean is very beneficial for the humans. Many minerals, food materials, fishing zones, mineral oil, gases are primarily found here.

2. Continental Slope: Ahead of the continental shelf, the slope of ocean floor becomes abruptly steep. The greatest feature of these slopes is that they extend upto a depth of 3600 to 9100 meters. Here, the deposit of alluvial soil is found to be very less. Due to the lack of light and nutritional substances, the amount of vegetation and sea creatures is found to be less. These slopes are found on 8.5 % part of the total area of oceans. Their slope is between 2 degree to 5 degree.

3. Deep Sea Plain: The slope becomes very gentle on the end of the continental slope and the marine plain starts, which is called the Deep Sea Plain. It is an extensive flat area of the oceans, whose slope is very gentle. Lack of erosional process is found here. 

4. Oceanic Deeps: The deeps with the maximum depth found on the ocean floor are called the Oceanic Deeps. 

On the basis of the shape, they are classified into two parts:

1. Trenches 

2. Troughs

Long, thin and deep depressions with steep slope located on the ocean floor are called the trenches or deeps. They are originated by fault or folding. Their average depth is 5500 meters. They are also called the Ocean Canyon.

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