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What measures are needed to be adopted for the prevention of rapid decline in bio – diversity?

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It is necessary to adopt the following measures for the prevention of decline of bio – diversity:

1. Artificial collection: The protection of such species is included under artificial collection, which are at an increased risk of extinction. Such species can be easily preserved in the same areas, where they are on the verge of extinction.

2. Improvement in natural habitats: Mankind has either destroyed or distorted the natural habitats of the animals for its own advancement and prosperity. Improvement of such deformed or destroyed natural habitats of organisms is necessary to provide food and other essentials to the species living in them. So far, 18 biosphere reserve areas have been set up in India.

These are the Nilgiri, Nanda Devi, Nokrek, Great Nicobar, Mannar Bay, Manas, Sunderban, Simlipal, Pachmarhi, Kanchenjunga, Agasthamalai, Panna, Achankamar – Amarkantak, Seshachalam Namdapha, Uttarakhand, Thar Desert, Little Rann of Kutch, Kanha, Kaziranga, North Andaman, etc. Out of these 18 reserved biospheres, nine (09) – Nilgiri, Sunderban, Gulf of Mannar, Nandadevi, Great Nicobar, Simlipal, Pachmarchi and Achankamar-Amarkantak have been recognised by UNESCO.

3. Ban on Hunting: Hunting can be allowed in those biological regions where there is excess of wildlife, and high fertility rates are there.While hunting should be strictly prohibited in all the other sensitive areas.

4. Wild life Conservation Act: International nature and natural resource conservation organisation has asked all the nations of the world to develop such an effective system of environmental protection rules, so that human rights can remain safe and at the same time it does not harm the future generations.

Our country is one of the few select countries where Forest Policy is applicable since 1894. This forest policy was amended in 1952 and 1988. The main basis of the Revised Forest Policy, 1988, is the protection, conservation and development of forests.

Not only this a major plan has been prepared under the National Wild life Programe for the next 20 years, aimed at preventing deforestation and covering one – third of the country with trees / forests. Similarly, the National Wild life Workshop, 1993 has been modified to form a new Wild life Action Plan (2000 – 2016) under which programmes for wild life conservation and conservation of extinct species are made.

5. Establishment of National Parks and Sanctuaries: In our country, so far, 89 national parks and 490 protected reserves have been established, which are spread over a. total area of about 150,000 square km. of the total area of the country. Their main objective is to preserve wild life, prevent hunting of wild animals and illegal trade of wild life products, and to promote ecological development in the adjoining areas of national parks and sanctuaries.

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