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in Concept of Ecosystem by (51.6k points)
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Explain the adverse impact of humans on the ecosystem.

Or 

How is mankind affecting the ecosystem adversely?

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Adverse effects of mankind are more significant and pronounced than favorable effects on the ecosystem, due to which environmental problems have become visible in the present time. If these problems are not controlled in time, then one day human life will be eliminated from the earth. 

The adverse effects of human impact on the ecosystem can be explained under the following heads:

1. Adverse effects of agricultural activity: In order to expand agricultural land, mankind has not only cleared the forests and grasslands, but it has also made efforts to reclaim land from the ocean, and this has directly and adversely impacted the wild life, pastures and on the oceanic ecosystem.

Similarly, the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for more production of food grains has not only made the land unfit for agriculture, but it also has done the work of polluting the ground water by the addition of chemical fertilizers and insecticides. Continuous use of ground water for irrigation has led to a decline in level of ground water, due to which drinking water crisis has arisen in various regions such as Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, etc.

2. Adverse effects of deforestation: The adverse effects, of uncontrolled deforestation done by mankind for urbanization and various economic activities can be seen clearly on the ecosystem’s climate, soil, wild life, birds, etc. As a result of the deforestation, the climate starts heating up, the amount of rainfall decreases, the erosion of land starts and the destruction of wild life occurs.

As a result of uncontrolled harvesting of forests today, in many parts of the world, in which India is also included, many wild life species are extinct or on the verge of extinction. This has made the forest ecosystem imbalanced, because natural vegetation is the main basis of the forest ecosystem.

3. Adverse effects of mining operations: Along with industrial and technological progress, the mining process has also increased, but it has created many environmental problems. Under the mining process, the land is dug in a wide area, due tc which huge pits are formed on the ground’s surface and destruction of natural vegetation and creatures of that area results.

Land area of millions of square kilometers becomes unusable. Underground explosions done for mining activity increase the amount of dust particles in the atmosphere, which has direct and adverse effect on the health of its residents. As a result, imbalances in the ecosystem of such areas are created.

4. Adverse effects of industrialization: Due to industrialization, environmental pollution is increasing. Water and air pollution is increasing due to the industrial units. Various types of toxic gases are being introduced in the atmosphere from these units. Chemical waste and effluents released from industrial units is polluting the rivers and ground water. Ozone layer deplection and phenomenon of acid rain have emerged due to the effect of toxic gases emanating from industrial areas.

5. Adverse effects of climate change: The process of climate change is taking place due to the process of deforestation, industrialization and invention of nuclear power by humans. Irregularities of rainfall, increase in temperature, ozone depletion, etc. reflects the changes in climate.

6. Adverse effect of natural disasters: As a result of human activities, natural calamities like flood, drought, famine, landslide, etc. have increased. The construction of large dams on rivers has resulted in an increase in activities such as earthquake. The Koyna dam is considered to be responsible for the earthquake of Later in Maharashtra.

In the 1980’s, due to natural calamities in the world, an average of 2 billion dollars were lost through loss of property, whereas in the 1990’s, this average increased to 12 billion dollars. On December 26, 2004, more than 2 lakh people became victims of tsunami waves. The height of sea level has increased at Andaman Nicobar Coast. It is therefore clear that natural disasters lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem.

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