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Explain the background of the Indian Independence Act, 1947.

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The background of the Indian Independence Act, 1947 can be described as follows: 

1. National Events: 

The proposal of attaining complete independence was passed in Lahore Congress Session held on December 31, 1929. It was also decided in that session that the Indian Independence Day would be celebrated on every 26 January since 1930. Several movements that were also conducted, such as Civil Disobedience and Quit India, formation of Azad Hind Fauj by Subhash Chandra Bose and Naval mutiny in 1946, forced the British Government to frame this Act.

2. Changed Circumstances due to world war II: 

The people of India did not wish to cooperate the Britishers in world war II. But the leaders of Indian Congress supported them to find some remedies for the constitutional obstructions such as: 

(1) Cripps Proposal: 

In 1942, British Government sent Sir Stafford Cripps to India. The proposals suggested by him are called Cripps proposals. In the first part of the proposal, there was a provision that British Government would be liable for defense of India till the war would end. In the second part, there were the provisions of providing colonial or limited independence. The proposal was very dis-satisfactory, so it was refused by the political parties. 

(2) Cabinet Mission Plan: 

In 1945, the Lab-our party formed the Government in England. Then, Prime Minister Attlee sent members of his cabinet known as Cabinet Mission to India.

The Mission suggested: 

  • The formation of federal state in India 
  • Formation of a Constituent Assembly for the framing of constitution of India 
  • Formation of an interim Government until the new government is formed according to the constitution.

 3. The declaration of British Prime Minister: 

The British Prime Minister declared that the British Government would hand over the power to a responsible government by June 1948 or even before it. 

4. Mountbatten Plan: 

Lord Mountbatten, the Governor General of India, succeeded in making a compromise between Congress and Muslim League. The two parties agreed to the partition of India according to the Mountbatten Plan and the power of governance was transferred to two dominions-India and Pakistan-on August 15,1947.

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