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Explain the geological history of India.

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The geological history of India is full of diversities. The Indian rocks had been formed in different ages and time periods. According to the composition of rocks system, 

Indian geological history can be classified as given below:

1. Archean Era: It is the oldest period of the geological history of India. The rocks of Archean era have been divided into two categories:

  • Rocks of Archean system 
  • The rocks of Dharwar system

Rocks of Archean System: The rocks of Archean system are the oldest and granular, in which the absence of fossils is found. The rocks found in Bengal, Bundelkhand and Nilgiri Gneiss are included in the Archean system.

Rocks of Dharwar System: The rocks of Dharwar system are found over the rocks of Archean system. These rocks are made due to the erosion of different substances. The spread of these types of rocks is found in Mysore Dharwar – Bellary, Chota Nagpur, Aravallis, Punjab and Trans-Himalayan region.

2. Purana Era: The Purana Era comes after the Archean Era. These types of rocks are also divided into two parts:

Rocks of Cudappah system: The Cudappah system is composed of a number of parallel series of ancient sedimentary starta of great thickness. Slate, Quartzite, and linestone are the main rocks of Cudappah system. Such rocks are found mainly in Krishna, Pennar, Papakani rivers, Nallamalai, Venkonda, Valley of Godavari and Delhi.

Rocks of Vindhyan System: Mainly composed of indisturbed sand stones, shales and limestone, reaching a thickness of up to 4000 meters, the Vindhyan system occupies about one lakh km area, stretching from Sasaram and Rohtas in western Bihar to Chittorgarh in Rajasthan. It covers a large area of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.

3. Dravidian Era: Under this era, rocks of Gondwana system are included. Their extension is found in the valley of Damodar, Valley of Mahanadi and Godavari, Satpura hilly range, hills of Rajamahal, Kutch, Kathiawar, Kashmir and Spiti region. Rocks of this system are mainly found in southern India.

4. Aryan Era: The formation of this era started in the Carboniferous age. So these rocks have a great important with the point of view of minerals i.e., coal, mineral oil, natural gas. The rocks of this system are latest rocks.

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