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Explain the Indian soils in detail.

Or

Classify the Indian soils on the basis of physical structure and colour.

Or

Indian soils show variations on regional basis, how? Explain.

Or

Indian soils are controlled by their forming factors. Explain.

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Indian soils are a result of vast Indian geographical area, and are a result of variations in relief, climate, vegetation and the lengthy process of erosion of rocks. All these conditions have controlled the Indian soils at large. Therefore, colour, composition and structure of Indian soils is also different. 

Indian soils can be divided as:

1. Alluvial soil 

2. Black soil 

3. Desert soil 

4. Mountainous soil 

5. Gray – brown soil 

6. Late – rite soil 

7. Red and Yellow soil 

8. Red soil 

9. Glacial and Skeletal soil 

10.Sub – mountainous soil

1. Alluvial soil: These types of soils are found in the central plains part of India and coastal zones. Alluvial soils mainly found in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, North – Eastern part of Rajasthan and Assam.

2. Black soil: These types of soils are mainly found in the central part of India. Black soils are mainly found in South – Eastern part of Rajasthan, Most of Madhya Pradesh, South – Eastern Gujarat, Maharashtra, Northern Karnataka, west, north and north – east part of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, etc.

3. Desert soil: These types of soils are found mostly in the desert regions of Rajasthan. This soil is arid and porous and is found in the Rann of Kutch and Saurashtra.

4. Mountainous soil: It is found in the Himalayan zones. It is immature soil and is full of pebbles and stones. It is a soil with thin layer and it lacks in calcium and humus content.

5. Gray – Brown soil: These types of soils are mainly found in the North and central part of Gujarat and foothills of Aravalli mountain range of Rajasthan.

6. Late – rite soil: It is red soil, like a solid brick. There are mostly pebbles in it. It is found in the areas with high temperature and surplus rainfall. It is formed by the disintegration of old rocks. It is mainly seen in Western Ghats, and in the form of a narrow belt from the Rajmahal hills along the Eastern Ghats through West Bengal up till Assam. 

7. Red – yellqw soil: It is found in a scattered form in India. Banswara, Pratapgarh, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara districts of Rajasthan and some parts of Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Chhattisgarh are the regions of this soil. 

8. Red soil: It is porous soil and is found in Chhattisgarh, Chhota Nagpur plateau, Orissa, Eastern Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Central and South – Eastern part of Telangana. 

9. Glacial and Skeletal soil: These types of soils are found in the high regions of the hilly areas of Jammu and Kashmir and Sikkim. 

10. Sub – Mountainous soil: These types of soils are mainly found in central part of Uttarakhand, Central and Eastern part of Himachal Pradesh and Southern part of Jammu and Kashmir.

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