Cryptogamae: The reproductive organs in the thallophytes, the bryophytes and the pteridophytes are hidden and are very conspicuous. External flowers or seeds are absent and they have naked embryos called spores. The plants in these three groups are, therefore, called ‘cryptogamae’.
Phanerogamae: Plant groups with well-developed reproductive organs, which produce seeds are called ‘phanerogamae’. Seeds consist of the embryo along with stored food which provides nutrition to the growing embryo. This group is classified into two sub-groups-gymnosperms and angiosperms, based on whether the seeds are naked or enclosed in fruits.
