Babur founded the Mughal Dynasty in India in 1526 A.D. after defeating Ibrahim Lodhi in the first battle of Panipat. He was a Turkish Muslim and descendent of Timur. Beside Chugtai Turkish descendent, he had relation with commander of Mangol Army Changez Khan because his mother belonged to Changez’s ancestors (family). His full name was Jahiroddin Mohammad Babur. He ascended the throne of Phargana with the title of Badshah after his father’s death. He was the first Timur descendent to retain the title of Badshah.
Battle of Khanwa: It was faught between Babur and Ranasanga which is 40 km. away from Agra at Khanwa in 1527 A.D. Babur fought this battle with Tulguma method’ and gave the slogan of Jihad.
After victory he retended the title of ‘Gaji’. In 1528 A.D he defeated Mediniraya. In 1529 A.D. he defeated Afghans.
He died in 1530 A.D. he was buried on the bank of Yamuna river, but later according to his will, he was buried in Kabul. He wrote his book of daily routine in Turkish language named Baburnama or Tuzuk-e- Babri Abdurrahim Khanakhana later translated it in Parsi (Parsian).
Humayun : Narrisuddin Humayun son of Babur became the ruler after Babur’s death. He gave Kabul and Quandhar to his brother Kamran, Sambhal to Askari, Alwar and Mewat to bindal and Badkhwan to his uncle’s son Suleman.
Battle of Chausa : This battle was fought between Humayun and Sher Khan at Chausa near Buxar in 1539 A.D. in which Mughals were defeated after Chausa’s victory Sher Khan retended the title of Sher Shah and introduced coins in his name. Sher Shah’s real name was Fareed Khan.
Battle of Beelgram or Kanauj : It was fought between Humayun and Sher Shah in 1540 A.D. Humayun fled away after defeat, during his exile. He married with Hameeda, daughter of Shekh Ali Akhtar near Bhatkal who later become the mother of Akbar. Gradually Humayun succeeded in occupying Kabul, Qandhar and Lahore in 1555 A.D. He occupied Punjab after defeating Afghans in Machiwara battle. He again sat on the throne of Delhi but soon on 24 January 1556 A.D. he died of falling from the staircase of the library located in Din Panah a city established by him. He was an edict of opium. He believed in astrology hence he had made rule of wearing seven colours clothes on seven days of the week.
