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Explain the different methods of artificial vegetative reproduction in plants. Write the importance of vegetative reproduction?

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The phenomenon of vegetative propagation is fairly common in a number of plants. This property of multiplication through vegetative organs has proved a boon and it has become an essential part in the horticultural practices, in getting desired varieties of flowering and fruiting plants (like Rose, Jasmine, Mogara, Mango, Banana, Sugarcane Orange Potato, Sweet potato, etc.) In such practices, it is first observed which part of the plant helps in vegetative reproduction.

There are four methods of artificial vegetative propagation:

(a) Cutting: Many plants like rose, sugarcane, croton, coleus, etc., may be easily grown from stem cuttings. The cuttings of the stem of such plants are planted obliquely in moist fertile soil, in such a way that their two-third part remains in the soil. Roots growing from the cut end kept in the soil, while the buds at the node develop into the auxiliary shoot and thus, a new plant is developed.

(b) Budding: In this method, a bud of superior variety is forced to unite with the shoot of an ordinary variety of the same species. In this way, a plant of ordinary variety develop into a superior variety. This method has been successfully employed to propagate varieties of the plants of ornamental and economic value.

(c) Grafting: In this process, a shoot of a superior variety called scion or graft, is forced to unite with an ordinary variety, called stock. Many varieties of the fruit trees like mango orange, seedless grapes and guava are developed by this method.

(d) Layering: This method is commercially practised in plants having flexible soft branches. This method is commercially followed in growing Jasmine, Mogara, Magnolia etc.

Importance of Vegetative Propagation:

(a) In some seedless varieties of plant-like Banana, Grape, Orange, etc., it is the only method of propagating the varieties of plants.

(b) In propagating plants through seeds there is always a danger that seeds may have dormancy, they lose their viability and all the seeds may not germinate. In such a case vegetative propagation is a blessing for farmers and gardeners.

(c) The development of plants is very slow when propagated through seeds, while through vegetative propagation, it is comparatively much faster.

(d) Vegetative propagation in plants shows a higher rate of production.

(e) The varieties of plants propagated by vegetative reproduction retain the character of the mother plant, while those propagated through seeds do not come true. This is the reason, to retain desirable characters all fruits trees are propagated by vegetative means.

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