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Explain the concept of Genus and species with examples.

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Concepts of Species :

  • First time Logical and Scientific concept of species was given by Carolus Linnaeus (1753).

Some Popular Definition of Species :

  • The word ‘species’ coined by John Ray.
  • According to Darlington (1928)- Genetically isolated population of plants which interbreed within them-selves and morphologically similar can be placed in single species.
  • According to Durietz (1930)- Species are very small natural unit of populations which are permanently isolated from each other on the basis of bio types.
  • According to Clausen et. al (1945)- Species is a group of plants with same characters in which exchange of genes takes place freely without any harmful effect.
  • On the basis of above given three definition a final definition have following points:
  1. All individuals of a plant species are identical morphologically and in other characters.
  2. All individuals of a plant species freely can interbreed or sexual reproduction is possible among them to give rise new offspring’s to maintain continuity of life.
  3. Individuals of one species cannot interbreed or do sexual reproduction to give rise new offspring’s because exchange of genetic material is not possible in between them.
  • On the basis of above given facts finally we can say “Species is a group of individual plants which are morphologically as well a genetically same and can freely interbreed with each other in nature to maintain the continuity of life”.
  • Inter specific categories show uniformity in external and internal characters but it has been observed that Intra specific categories do not show uniformity in external, internal characters even most of the time they differ from each other genetically also.

The Concept of the Genus :

  • The word ‘Genus’ coined by John Ray.
  • It is the first higher taxonomic category above the level of
    species. .
  • Genus is formed by the group of species which are similar in more than characters.

a. Monotypic genus : A genus having a single species in it is called as monotypic genus. Genus Homo is monotypic geneus with a single species of Homo sapiens.
b. Polytypic genus : A genus having two or more species in it is called as polytypic-genus. The genus Panther a polytypic genus having P.leo, P.tigris. P onca and P pardus

  • Concept of genus is very old. Even in hindi and Sanskrit texts genera of different plants are mentioned; e.g., Pine, Basil and Oak etc.
  • All species of Pine are included under the genus Pinus, all species of basil are under the genus Ocimum and all species of Oak are included in Quercus.
  • Use of Latin names in nomenclature of plants started by Tournefort (1700). He described approximately 700 genus in his book Tnstitutiones rei herbaria.
  • According to him characters of fruit and flower should be considered for explanation of plants and for more clarification of plants vegetative characters should also studied.
  • Carolus Linnaeus is considered as father of taxonomy. He used only floral characters to explain genus of plants.
  • Now to understand the concept of genus we use knowledge of Anatomy, Cell structure, Embryo, structure of ovule and Pollen structure etc.
  • One genus further can be divided in subgenera, sections, subsections and series also.

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asked May 27, 2020 in Plant Taxonomy by Karan01 (48.2k points)

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