Question

Explain bacterial diseases of human beings with their factors, symptoms, preventive measures and treatment.

Answer 1

Disease

1. Tuberculosis (T.B.)
2. Cholera
3. Typhoid
4. Diarrhoea and dysentery

Disease causing microbes

1. Bacteria- Microbacterium Transmitted through wind.
2. Bacteria- Vibrio cholerie Transmitted by contaminated water and food
3. Bacteria- Salmonella typhii Transmit¬ted through water
4. Bacteria- E. coli Transmitted – by toxic food/water.

Symptoms

1. Loss of appetite, loss of weight, weakness, continuous cold and cough, fever at low temperature, blood in the spit, chest pain, breathing problem after long walk, swelling in the lymph nodes, effect on alimentary canal, bones, lungs.
2. Vomiting, loose motion (diarrhoea) dehydration, fever, thirst, drying of tongue, muscular cramp, sukening of eyes, infection in stomach and intestine.
3. Infection in small intestine, daily occurrence of fever and headache, higher fever in the second week, less fever in third and fourth week, body pain, constipation, low heart beat, red spots on the upper surface of tongue,
4. Secretion of a sticky substance with the faeces, vomiting, recurrent
   infection in intestine, frequent diarrhoea, dehydration, stomach ache, headache, weakness, intense thirst.

Preventive measures

1. Isolation of TB patient, keeping his things separate, vaccination at proper time, preventing spitting at anywhere, covering mouth during coughing.
2. Personal hygiene and good habits eating properly cooked food, drinking boiled water, vaccination, proper methods of discharge faeces and rotten things, maintain distance with the patient.
3. Keeping food and water clean, discharge of faeces and other contaminated things at proper place, protecting the food from the flies, (vaccine A, and B should be applied)
4. Keep the toilets clean, keep the eatables covered, maintain hygiene, use boiled and filtered drinking water, wash the fruits with hot water before use, don’t let patients faeces or vomit open.

Treatment

1. Sputum test, chest X-ray, use of M.D.T. as the doctor suggests, be under the control of DOTS.
2. Use of ORS solution and proper medicines.
3. Full rest to the patient on fever, treatment with antibiotics, taking medicines under the doctor’s supervision.
4. ORS solution, electoral, medicines on doctor’s advice.