First revolution in Russia took place in March 2017 and second in Nov. 1917. The revolution of March 1917 ended the rule of Tsar and the revolution of November 1917 gave birth to democracy. This is also Içnown as “Bolshevik revolution”.
Following were the main causes of the revolutions.
1. Dictatorship of Czar: Russia’s Czar believed in divine rights of kings. The Parliament of Russia (Duma) had no power. Alexander III and Nicolas-II adopted a harsh and oppressive policy.
2. Social Inequality: Russian society had two classes, one had all powers while other had no powers. On most of the land and rule of Russia were under the control of high class and relatives of Czar. Though low class people were more in number but they had no rights. It created an unrest among people.
3. Discontent among Labour: Due to industrial revolution, many industries were established in Russia. It increased the number of workers continuously. Industrialists exploited the workers, and paid less wages. The government also supported the industrialists. Finally workers formed an organization and took support of strike. Revolt started with labour strikes. Workers wanted the rule of working class.
4. Immediate cause: Continuous defeat of army in the First World War and problems that arose due to war made people tired. People demanded end of war, but administration was not in favour hence people revolted. The immediate cause of revolution was shortage of grain and bread.
