Causes:
1. Treaty of Versailles: With this treaty, the victorious Allied nations fixed several restrictions, but people of Germany did not accept them. Later on, Adolf Hitler violated these restrictions, which caused the Second World War.
2. Failure of UNO: UNO was formed to settle disputes and maintain peace among the countries, but the allied nations used UNO for their own profit. UNO proved to be incapable in taking action against dictators.
3. Britain’s policy of appeasement: Britain wanted to use Germany to control increasing communist impact. In view of trade development Germany consumed British goods. Therefore, it showed sympathetic behaviour with Germany. Britain took no action when Germany occupied Austria, division of Czechoslovakia, and militarization of Rhineland.
4. Impact of aggressive nationalism: After war, aggressive feeling of nationalism and militarism was the main cause of the Second World War. It arose more in Italy, Germany and Japan. Even LoN failed to control the situation. It created the possibilities of war.
5. Development of dictatorship: After the First World War, democracy could not establish in defeated countries. Dictatorship developed in Germany, Italy and Japan. These countries were violating Versailles Treaty and Berlin, Rome and Tokyo combined to form Axis powers. Against this, the Allied nations made their own group.
6. Lack of co-ordination among allied nations: There were absence of harmony between allied nations. Unitedly they couldn’t take any action against Germany, Japan and Italy. It encouraged Germany which converted into a danger for world.
7. Failure of Disarmament policy: Allied nations wanted to impose disarmament policy for defeated nations but did not follow it themselves. Other nations had understood it. Hence a competition of armament was started in Germany and other nations. It became the danger to world peace.
8. Economic crises or recession: The economic crises of 1929-30 affected the economy of all European nations. It destroyed the feeling of security and emergence of dictators occurred. It encouraged war.
9. Immediate Causes: After usurping Czechoslovakia, Germany attacked Poland. Britain and France declared war against Germany and thus Second World War began.
Result:
There was a great loss of life and property. About 6 crore people were killed.
1. Expenditure reached billions of dollars.
2. Atom bombs were used in the war which proved to be very destructive.
3. After war, the world was divided into two parts—communists and capitalists.
4. The allied countries divided Germany into two parts to make it weak.
5. Armed groups were formed all over the world.
6. After the Second World War, many countries got freedom, which were earlier the colonies of European nations.
7. UNO was formed on 24th Oct. 1945.
8. War Crime Commission was established to discuss over issues associated with war prisoners.
9. Two super powers USA and USSR came into existence.
10.Imperialism became weak.
11.Position of Europe became weak.
