Causes of Imperialistic expansion by western nations:
1. The fulfilment of economic hunger of the western nations was the main cause.
2. After Industrial Revolution, industrial production was increased in England, France, Germany, Italy and USA. New places were required to sell their goods.
3. European nations tried to control over places which were rich in natural resources to fulfil their demand of raw materials.
4. Capital was accumulated in European nations, investment of this wealth required new places.
5. Communication and transport facilities supported the imperial expansion.
6. Population was increasing in these nations so new places were required.
7. Christian missionaries played a crucial role in expansion of imperialist power. In South Asian countries- India, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, etc. became the victim of western imperialistic expansion. In India there was a trade competition, among British, French and Dutch East India Companies. After mutual struggle, British East India company through Battle of Plassey 1757, military success at Buxur 1764, defeat of Maratha confederacy in 1818, got success to establish their rule and expand imperial power in India. Britishers also held control over Sri Lanka, which became independent in 1948. England, Holland and France had their control on Indonesia, Thailand, Burma, Nalaya, Timor, which are south-east Asian nations.
8. England and France had their control over South Africa mainly. English people here also adopted their Apartheid policy (colour prejudice). Blacks were exploited and atrocities were made on them. Here slavery system prevailed and western people were involved in slave trade.