After the Second World War, UNO was established on 24 Oct. 1945:
Organs of UNO: It has six organs
1. General Assembly
2. Security Council
3. Economic and Social Council
4. Trusteeship Council
5. International Court
6. Secretariat.
1. General Assembly: It is the main body of UNO which consists of one President and seven Vice Presidents. It has six organs. Its conference is held once in a year in the second week of September, to pass budget, entry of member states and discussion over termination of membership.
Functions:
1. Passing of Budget.
2. Membership to member nations, their dismissal, co-operation for human welfare are main functions.
2. Security Council: It is the executive body of UNO. It has 15 members- 5 permanent for 2 years in rotation and 10 temporaiy. USA, Britain, Russia, France and China are its permanent members. Temporary members are elected by 2/3 majority by General Assembly. This institution works continuously. Its meeting is called once in 14 days. The election of the President of this council is done according to the recommendation of the member nations.
3. Economic and Social Council: It members (54 at present) are elected for three years. Its meeting is called twice a year for maintaining peace and friendship among different nations. It forms different committees to provide for fundamental and equal rights.
4. International Court: It was establishment on 3 April, 1946 in Hague, a city of South Holland. It has 15 judges. Its judges are selected by Security Council and General Assembly. It appoints its President and other staff. Cases related with international law are presented here. The judgement of this council is final.
5. Trusteeship Council: Under this part of UNO, undeveloped and backward states are handed over to developed countries as a heritage. The objective of this council is to improve such countries socially, economically, politically.
6. Secretariat: It is an administrative organ of UNO. Its headquarter is in New York. Secretary General is the main officer of the Council who is elected by General Assembly on the recommendation of Security Council. He is elected for five years. The main work of Secretary General is to present annual report, selection of staff, performing different tasks of the organization. U. Thant, Hammerskjold, K. Waldheim, Boutros Ghali, Kofi Annan and Ban Ki Moon had got the honour of presiding over this post.
