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What were the main causes of the First World War?

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Causes of the First World War :

1. Diplomatic Treaties and formation of two groups: Bismark of Germany entered into diplomatic treaties with the European countries and Italy with England and France. 

2. Division of Europe into two opposite camps: Dual Alliance treaty of Germany with Austria in 1870, with Italy joining in 1882, Triple Alliance was formed. France, Russia and Britain too made the Triple Entente. 

3. Armament and Spirit of Militarism: In the later decades of 19th century, most of the European nations gave encouragement to armament and militarism. On the basis of military force, Germany defeated Austria. Hence, France, Russia and England also started to increase their military power. In such condition, war had to take place. 

4. Impact of socialism: Ambition of becoming prosperous increased in European nations after the Industrial Revolution. They stated establishing their colonies to get raw materials and sale of finished goods. It gave impetus to socialism. England, France Germany, Italy, etc. expanded their empire by controlling own nations of Canada, Australia, India, Africa and Asia. Imperialistic competition created situation of struggle in European countries. 

5. Impact of newspapers: News given in newspapers like-“Russia is ready, hence, France should be ready”. Such articles created the negative environment like fierce feeling of nationalism in Europe. Every nation was ready to destroy other nations for the development, expansion, respect and glory. 

6. Ambition of William Kaiser-II: The king of Germany, W. Kaiser-II, wanted to make Germany a world power. He built Berlin-Baghdad Railway line with agreement with Turkey. On the issue of Naval development, he annoyed England. He expressed his views that expansion of sea is the greatness of Germany. 

7. Lack of International Institution: There was no such institution that time which could sort out the conflicts among European nations and take them away from war. Such institutions developed after the First World War. 

8. Impact of Balkan wars and International crisis: Due to 20th century International events, nations of the world became hostile to each other and divided into two military powers or groups. Crisis of 1904- OS AD, Russia-Japan war, crisis of Morocco and Agadeer, control of Austria over Bosnia and Herzegovina and Balkan wars (1912-13 AD) were such crisis.

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