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Give an account of the composition and functions and powers of Municipality.

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Composition of Municipality: Population is the major basis for forming municipality in small cities or towns. For example, in Rajasthan there is a provision of having municipality for the area between 8,000 to 1,00,000. The Municipal area is divided into wards as the territorial electoral constituencies, subject to minimum of 13 wards. However the number of wards can be changed, from time to time, by the state government through notification in the government gazette. The ward members of 21 years age, who are enrolled in the voter’s list are elected directly by the voters of the wards through secret ballot system.

According to the Rajasthan Municipal Amendment Act, 1994 members of Lok Sabha and Legislative Assembly from that municipal area will also be the members of Municipality. They can vote on all the matters in the meetings, but cannot take part in the elections of Chairman and Dy Chairman and in their removal procedure of noconfidence. Seats are reserved for the members of SCs, STs, other backward classes and women, on the basis of their population. Decision regarding their seats is taken before the elections. Women and weaker sections of society can also contest from general seat.

Each Municipality has a chairman and a Dy. Chairman who are elected by the elected members from amongst themselves. Their tenure is of five years but the elected members can dismiss them earlier by passing the proposal of no-confidence. Post of the Chairman is considered vacated if he remains absent in the meetings continuously for one month without intimation. The new Chairman is appointed in his place. Term of the Municipality is of 5 years as per 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.

In order to implement the proposed policies and to conduct other activities, the Executive officer is appointed as a representative of the state government. There are other officers and employees too to help in the official work.

For administrative convenience and proper discharge of functions, each Municipality has many departments:

1. Legal department 

2. Finance department 

3. Health and Cleanliness department 

4. Public transport department 

5. Rules and Regulations department

Power and Functions of the Municipality:

1. Formation and implementation of development plans for the city or town. 

2. Regulation of construction of buildings and land use. 

3. Management of public health cleanliness and sanitary conditions. 

4. Electrification of roads, vehicle parking arrangement and management of bus stops and public facilities. 

5. Planning for economic and social development in the municipal area. 

6. Necessary measures for alleviation of poverty. 

7. Efforts for the improvement of slums. 

8. Construction and maintenance of roads and bridges. 

9. Registration of birth and death. 

10.Provision of fire-brigade stations

Other Functions: 

1. Conservation of forests and environment. 

2. Welfare of the handicapped and mentally challenged. 

3. Supply of water for domestic and commercial purposes. 

4. Construction and maintenance of parks, gardens and playgrounds. 

5. Management of cultural, educational and recreational programmes for the public. 

6. Regulation of butcher houses. 

7. Organisation of animal homes.

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