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Discuss the North-East Monsoon period regarding temperature, air pressure and wind and rainfall.

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The North-East Monsoon period: 

1. Winter Season- December to February 

2. Summer Season- March to mid-June

1. Winter Season Temperature: In the North-India temperature remains low and the winters are severe because of distance from equator and ocean as well as height above the sea-level. Temperature in the southern India remains high because of nearness to Equator and maritime influence. In the winters temperature in the Northern India falls, sometimes, below freezing point. Usually, the average temperature is, usually, less than 21 °C but it is more in the south.

Air Pressure and Winds: High pressure areas are formed over the central Asia and low pressure over the Indian Ocean area. Hence, winds blow from the high-pressure area of the central Asia to the Oceanic low pressure area. Winds blowing towards the Sea, along with Mediterranean cyclones cause rainfall, which are called ‘Mavath’.

Rainfall: The North-Western part of India receives rainfall from cyclones of the Mediterranean sea and the Southern part from the retreating monsoons. JammuKashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh receive rainfall from the Mediterranean sea cyclones whereas Tamilnadu in south receives rainfall from the Retreating monsoons.

2. Summer Season Temperature: There is immense heat and appreciable rise in temperature from March to mid-June, in the Northern India due to parallel rays of the sun in the Northern Hemisphere, distance from sea and anti-cyclonic effect. Very often temperature touches 50°C in the Northern India. In the Southern India temperature is, relatively, low because of the influence of sea.

Air Pressure and Winds: Due to rise in temperature low pressure area is formed over the Northern India. An intense low-pressure area develops over the ‘Maru’ area of Rajasthan and Punjab. On the contrary high pressure area develops over the Indian Ocean. During this season very hot winds blow in the Northern India, called ‘Loo’ in the local dialect. Sometimes hailstorms are accompanied by light showers.

Rainfall: The amount of rainfall received is less in this season. It is called Kal Baisakhi in West Bengal, Mango Showers in Malabar Coast, Chprry Blossom in coffee-producing areas.

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