(i) 7/12 and 28/48
Now, first rational number is 7/12 and it is already in the standard form because there is no common factor in 7 and 12 other than 1.
So, 7/12 is in its standard form ......(a)
Now, Consider 28/48
28 = 2 × 2 × 7
48 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
HCF = 2 × 2 = 4
Now, to reduce the rational numbers to its standard form, we divide the numerator and denominator by their HCF. First we take HCF of 28 and 48:
Now, 28/48 = (28 ÷ 4)/(48 ÷ 4) = 7/12 .......(b)
From (a) and (b), we can say that the rational numbers 7/12 and 28/48 are equivalent.
(ii) -2/-3 and -16/24
First we multiply the numerator and denominator of –2/–3 by (–1), we get
-2/-3 = (-2) x (-1)/ (-3) x (-1) = 2/3 .....(a)
Now it is in its standard form.
Now, Consider 16/24
HCF of 16 and 24 is 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
HCF = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
So, -16/24 = (-16 ÷ 8)/(24 ÷ 8) = -2/3 .......(b)
From (a) and (b), we can say that the rational numbers -2/3-3 and -16/24 are not equivalent.