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Explain the blood corpuscles & their functions in mammals.

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Blood corpuscles :

They form 40 to 45% of the total blood. They are of three types- (i) RBC (ii) WBC (iii) Platelets

  • Red blood corpuscles (RBC) or Erythrocytes They are round, disc-like, biconcave and enucleated. They are full of a respiratory’ pigment, the hemoglobin. It is a conjugated protein which is red in color. A molecule of hemoglobin (HB) transports four molecules of Oxygen.


The RBC are formed in red bone marrow and the life of RBC in human beings is 50 to 120 days.
The number of RBC in man is 55 lakh/ mm³ and in woman is 50 lakh/mm³. The amount of hemoglobin is 14 to 16 gm% in man & 12 to 14 gm% in woman. The dead RBC’s are removed from the blood in the liver & they are finally- destroyed in the spleen. Hence, spleen is called as graveyard of RBC.

  • White blood corpuscles (WBC) or Leucouytes.
    They are colorless, nucleated & polymorphic cells. They are larger than RBC. They are formed in red bone marrow lymph nodes & spleen etc. The number of WBC in both man & woman is about 10,000/mm³.
    The WBC perform folloyving functions-
    (a) They protect the body from diseases by killing the germs directly.
    (b) They help to produce immunity by assisting the formation of antibodies.
    (c) They help in healing of wounds.

Types of WBC :

(a) Ganulocytes – Their cytoplasm is granular and they are polymorphic. They are three types-

  1. Neutrophils – They are 65% of the total WBC. Their nucleus is multinlobed. They are stain by neutral dyes such as neural red.
  2. Eosinophils or Acidophils – They are 2.8% of the total WBC. Their nucleus is bilobed. They are stained by acidic dyes such as Eosin. They control allergy in the body.
  3. Basophils – They 0.2% of total WBC (least WBC) and stained by basic dyes such as haemotoxylin. They are called as mast cells of the blood. They secrete heparin, histamins & seratonin.

(b) Agranulocytes – Their cytoplasm is without granules & they are two types-

  1. Monocytes – They are largest WBC and they are 6% of the total WBC. Their nucleus is small & notched. They kill the germs directly. They are also called as big
    policeman.
  2. Lymphocytes – They are 26% of the total WBC. Their nucleus is large & round. They are of 2 types viz- B- lymphocyte & T-lymphocyte. They produce antibodies.
  • Platelets or Thromocytes
    They are formed in red bone marrow from Megakary ocyte. They are irregular in shape & size. They are not complete cells in mammals, hence are not called as thrombocytes in mammals. Their number is about 3 lakh/mm³ and their life is of 2 to 4 days. They contain mainly thromboplastin which participate in blood clotting.

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