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Explain the structure of body wall of earthworm with the help of diagram.

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Body wall :
It’s body wall includes cuticle, epidermis, musculature & peritoneum which are as follows –

Cuticle –
It is the outermost layer which is glossy & appear to be light yellow in colour. It is non-chitinous and has two layers of collagen fibres.

Epidermis –
It is a single-layered and it is made up of columnar cells.

Most of it’s cells are called as supporting cells. Some of the cells modify to form gland cells which are of two types-

  • Mucous gland cells—They are found uniformly distributed all over the body. They secrete mucus to keep the body moist.
  • Albumin gland cells—They are less in number and they secrete albumin. Most of the albumin gland cells are found in the body wall of the clitellum.
  • Some of the epidermal cells modify to form sensory cells. In addition, the epidermis also has few basal cells which arc small and round /cone-shaped.

Musculature –
The musculature has three sub-layers which are as follows—

  • External layer of circular muscles.
  • Middle layer of longitudinal muscles.
  • Inner layer of circular muscles.

Tire thickness of the outer layer of circular muscles is more than the inner layer of circular muscles. The porphyrin pigment is found in the outer layer of circular muscles. The layer of the longitudinal muscles is comparatively thicker & they are found in parallel bundles.

Peritoneum –
It is also called as coelomic epithelium. It is the innermost layer which is made up of flat cells. The body wall protects the body and gives shape to it. The body w all of the clitellum secretes the cocoon during the breeding season.

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