Deforestation :
The increasing human population, industrialization, urbanization & demand of forest products are the major factors of deforestation. The deforestation to full fill the demand resulting in environmental imbalance.
Jhum cultivation in tropical regions also decreasing forestation. Jhum cultivation is also called as shifting cultivation or Slash & burn agriculture. In this technique, the farmers cut and bum plants of a patch of forest land, or wood lands to create fields. The burnt soil contain potash & other nutrients that make the soil fertile. The farmers start growing the food crops. When soil fertility declines they shift to another place, burning the jungle again. Sometimes natural disasters or carelessness of human beings caused Jungle fire or wild fire that destroy the forest.
According to National Forest Policy (1952), 33% of tract of land & 60% of mountain area should be bought under forest cover. In spite of this 13 lakh hectare are had been deforested. Deforestation badly affect the agriculture. It accelerates soil erosion & formation of desert. It resulted in shortage of raw material for many industries. Many plant & animal species are forced to extinction due to loss of habitat as a result of deforestation.
Land slides, floods, increased CO2 in the air & green house effect are also the result of deforestation.