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Give an account of main vegetation found in Rajasthan.

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Southern-East region of Aravali hills inhabits dry thorn forest having Anogeissus pendula (Dhokda), Boswelha serraia (Dhup or Salai guggul), Sterciiliaiirem (Kateera), Acacia leucophloea (Safed babul), Acacia catechu (Khair or Kathha), Ziziphus numnmlaria (Jharber), Euphorbia caducifolia (Thore) etc.

Other vegetations of this region are Aloe vein (Gwarpatha), Solatium virginianum (Kateli), Euphorbia prostrata (Dugdika), Echinops echinatus (Oont Kateli), Ziziphus zuzuba (Ber), Tamarix articulata (Farash), Butea monosperma (Dhak), Saccharum munja (moonj or sarkanda), Nerium indicum (Kaner), Acaciafarnesiana (Seet acacia), Prosopis cineraria (Khejari) etc.

1. Prosopis cinereria (Khejari Sangri) –
Government of Rajsthan declared this tree as State tree on October 31, 1983. It is also called as Janty or Loong tree or Shami or Khudo etc. It is found in all parts of Rajasthan and Abundantly found in desert regions of Western Rajasthan.

Various parts of this tree such as fruits, flowers, leaves, roots etc. have medicinal properties and popular by name Kalp Tarn of Rajasthan. The pods are sweet, sacculant and called as sangari They are used as vegetable in dried and green form. The flowers are mixed with sugar and used to prevent miscarriage. The leaves are called as Loom and are used as fodder for cattle’s. The flowering season is March and April and flowers are used to get odorous glycoside substance called patuletins. The smoke of leaves is good for eye troubles. The wood is used as fuel.

2. Tecomella undulata (Rohida flower tree) –
Rohida flower is the official state flower of Rajasthan. Rohida is found in Thar desert of Western Rajasthan. It produces quality timber which is popular as desert teak or marwar teak. Leaves are narrow and somewhat lance-shaped, wavy margin and 5-12 cm long.

During spring time, it produces beautiful showy tubular flowers in yellow, orange and red colours. The fruits are thin, somewhat curved and 8 inch long.

The wood is excellent for firewood and charcoal. Cattle and goats eat leaves of these trees. Camels, goats and sheeps consumer flowers and pods.

Rhoida has got medicinal properties as well. It is used in curing urinary disorders, enlargement of spleen, gonorrhoea, leucoderma, liver disease. Seeds are used against abscess.

3. Butea monosperma (Flame of the Forest) –
It is commonly called as Palash or Dhak or Tesu. It is medium. size tree (20 to 40 feet height) and trunk is usually crooked and twisted with irregular branches. The leaves are pinnate with three leaflets. The hindi phrase “Dhaak Ke Teen Paat” comes from the prominent three leaflets of this tree. From January to March, it becomes a tree of flames, a riot of orange and vermilion flowers covering the entire crown, as most of the leaves fall.

The flowers, leaves, gum and seeds are used for medicinal purposes. The flowers are rich in glucosides, butin, neteroside and butrin. The seeds are rich source of yellow coloured moodooga oil or Kino-tree oil which have many medicinal properties. The gum is rich in gallic acid and tannic acid, and popular as Butea gum.
The powdered seeds are used as vermicidal. The leaves relieve diabetes and lower blood sugar. The glucosides and butin of flowers are used to cure cough, eczema etc.

4. Acacia nilotica (Gum arabic tree) –
It is commonly called as Babul or Kikar. It is a woody tree from medium to large size. The pods and leaves are used as fodder. The wood is used to make furniture’s and tool handles.

Tender twigs of this plants are used as a toothbrush. The exudate gum of this tree is know as gum arabia which is used for medicines, dyes and paints.

5. Acacia leucophloea (White bark Acacia) –
It is commonly called as ronjh. It is large thorny tree attaining a height of 35m. The trunk is stout, having diameter 100 cm and divides into several wide branches. It has various uses such as seeds are edible, provide useful timber, tannins and gum.

6. Acacia senegel –
It is commonly called as Kher or Khor. It.is a small thorny deciduous tree. It is also a source of gum arabic, known locally as hashab gum. New foliage is very useful as forage. Dried seeds are used as food by humans and dried pods are one of the ingredient of popular “Panchkuta” in Rajasthan.

Surface Roots are quite useful in making strong ropes.

7. Ziziphus nummularia –
It is commonly called as Jharbera. It is a shrub up to 2 mt. high, having zigzag branching. Fruits are edible but not popular due to small size. It is a source of fuel and charcoal timber. The leaves are used to treat scabies and other diseases.

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