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in Kingdom - Monera, Protista and Fungi by (48.6k points)
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Give an account of beneficial & harmful fungi with Examples?

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Importance of Fungi increased with the developement of human culture.

(A) Beneficial Fungi:

(i) Fungi as Food – They are rich sources of proteins, carbohydrates & salts, hence many of them are used as food. Such as Morchella esculenta, Agericus bispora. Agericus campestris etc. Yeast is a supplementary food for human beings & cattles.

(ii) Industrial use – Many fungi are used to obtain enzymes, carbonic acid and alcohol. For example Citromyces pfefferianus, Penicillium oxalicum and Asperigillus oryzae are used to get citric acid, oxalic acid & lactic acid respectively. Similarly, alcohol is obtained by fermentation of sugar performed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Vitamin D and vitamin B complex are obtained by the action of Penicillium, Aspergillus and Yeast.

(iii) Medicinal uses – Many fungi are used to obtain antibiotics, such as penicillin is obtain from Penicillium notatum, anti amoebin from Emericellopsis punensis and SQ30, 957 from Penicillium funiculosium. Alkaloids used in various diseases such as argotamin, Argotoxin etc are obtained from fungus Claviceps purpurea. The steroids obtained from Mucor griseo- cyanus & Rhizopus stolonifer are used to treat arthritis, allergy etc.

(iv) Plant hormones – Popular gibberellin growth hormone is obtained from Gibberella Jujikuroi and Fusarium Moniliforme fungi.

(B) Harmful Fungi:

Many species of fungi are harmful and caure diseases in man and plants.

1. Plant diseases – Plant diseases caused by fungi are very common. Such is White Rust disease of mustard is caused by Albugo Candida; Green ear disease of millet caused by Sclerospora graminicola; Rust diseases of wheat by various species of Puccinia; Tikka disease of groundnut caused by Cercospora per sonata etc.

2. Fungal diseases of man & cattles – The fungal diseases caused in man & cattle are called as mycosis. Such as Aspergillus funigatus infects lungs; Trichophyton causes ring worm disease etc.Candiasis is infection of skin, mouth, respiratory tract is caused by Candida albicans.

3. Spoilage of food products – Many fungi such as Mucor, Neurospora spoil food products like milk, curd, cheese, meat, fish, bread, fruits, vegetables, pulses etc.

4. Some fungi are highly poisnous and their intake is lethal. Some poisnous mushrooms are Amanita, Russula, Boletus etc.

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