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in Statistics and probability by (35 points)
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Six cards numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6 are to be lined up in a row. Find the number of arrangements of these six cards where one of the cards can be removed leaving the remaining five cards in either ascending or descending order is

Answer : 52

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Realize that any sequence that works (ascending) can be reversed for descending, so we can just take the amount of sequences that satisfy the ascending condition and multiply by two.

If we choose any of the numbers 1 through 6, there are five other spots to put them, so we get 6 x 5 = 30. However, we overcount some cases. Take the example of 132456. We overcount this case because we can remove the 3 or the 2. Therefore, any cases with two adjacent numbers swapped is overcounted, so we subtract 5 cases (namely, 213456, 132456, 124356, 123546, 123465,) to get 30-5=25, but we have to add back one more for the original case, 123456. 

Therefore, there are 26 cases. Multiplying by 2 

=26 x 2 = 52

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