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State the beneficial effects (or usefulness) of micro-organisms in our lives.

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Microorganisms are used for various purposes such as: 

• They are used in the preparation of curd, bread and cake. 

• They are used in the preparation of alcohol, wine and acetic acid (vinegar). 

• They are also used in cleaning up of the environment. 

• In agriculture, they are used to increase soil fertility by fixing nitrogen. 

• The antibiotics are manufactured by growing specific microorganisms and are used to cure a variety of diseases. Penicillin is an antibiotic made from Penicillium. 

• Certain microbes are also used in the biological treatment of sewage and industrial effluents. Yeast is used in making idlis, bhaturas, bread, pastries and cakes.

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