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Examine the essential features of a Unitary System of government. State four advantages and four disadvantages of such a system.

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Features of a Unitary Government are as follows: 

A single central all-powerful government: All the powers are vested with one single central government whose authority is supreme over all the parts and people of the state.

Local governments exist at the will of the central government: The local governments are created and vested with powers, by the central government. They work as administrative units of the central government and operate as the central government directs.

Constitution can be written or unwritten: Since there is no division of powers and all the powers belong to the central government, there is no special need for a written constitution. But it may be written or unwritten in accordance with the wishes of the people.

Flexibility of constitution and administration: The central government alone has the power to amend the constitution and in this sense the constitution is always flexible.

Single uniform administration: The existence of an all-powerful central government exercising power over all the people and places leads to single stable administration for the whole state.

Advantages: 

1. It is simple, less expensive and is ideally suitable for small states 2. It is a source of strong, all-powerful government. 

2. It ensures single uniform administration for the whole of the state. 

3. Suitable for meeting emergencies because being an all-powerful government, the central government can take all necessary decisions quickly.

Disadvantages: 

1. Possibility of a central dictatorship and avoidance of local areas. 

2. Central government often behaves inefficiently because of being overburdened with all the work. 

3. Being located at the center and faced with pressing national problems, it very often fails to satisfy local needs.

4. Unitary government is suitable only for small and homogeneous states.

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