(i) The rivers and canals should have a regular flow of sufficient water. Diversion of water for irrigation purposes reduces the quantity of water.
The presence of waterfalls or cataracts and sharp bends in the course of the river hinder the development of waterways.
Silting of the river bed reduces the depth of the water and creates problems for navigation.
De- silting of river beds is a costly affair.
(ii) Advantage : Waterways are the cheapest means of transport and are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky materials having low specific cost.
Disadvantage : Water transport cannot compete with the speed of road and rail transport.