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When NH4Cl and NH4OH are added to a solution containing both, Fe3+ and Ca2+ ions, which ion is precipitated first and why? Explain 

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Addition of NH4Cl decreases the dissociation of weak base NH4OH due to the common ion effect. The concentration of OH is small but the ionic product [Fe3+] [OH3-] exceeds the K of metal hydroxide of group III and they get precipitated.

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