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in Chemistry by (30.0k points)

Describe the hybridisation in case of PCl5. Why are the axial bonds longer as compared to equatorial bonds? 

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The ground state and excited state outer electronic configurations of phosphorus (Z = 15) are:

 Ground state

Excited state: 

Phosphorus atom is sp3d hybridized in the excited state. These orbitals are filled by the electron pairs donated by five Cl atoms as: PCl5 

The five sp3d hybrid orbitals are directed towards the five corners of the trigonal bipyramidals. Hence, the geometry of PCl5 can be represented as: 

There are five P–Cl sigma bonds in PCl5. Three P–Cl bonds lie in one plane and make an angle of 120° with each other. These bonds are called equatorial bonds. The remaining two P–Cl bonds lie above and below the equatorial plane and make an angle of 90° with the plane. These bonds are called axial bonds. As the axial bond pairs suffer more repulsion from the equatorial bond pairs, axial bonds are slightly longer than equatorial bonds. 

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