(i) Somatic hybrids are the hybrid plants produced through the fusion of protoplasts from two different varieties of plants each haring a desirable character. The hybrid protoplasts can be further grown to form a new plant.
(ii) Promoter gene a gene haring a regulatory sequence of DNA that initiates the expression of a gene.
(iii) Site directed mutagenesis involves induction of specified or desired changes in the base sequence at specified sites of genes, most successfully achieved by overlap extension PCR.
Or
The process of nucleotide changes in the cloned genes by specific in mutagenesis.
(iv) DNA probes are short 15-30 bases long, labelled oligonucleotides (RNA – DNA) used to detect complementary nucleotide sequences after hybridization and the auto radiograms gives many bands of different sizes.
(v) Primer is a short oligonucleotide that hybridizes with the template strand and gives a 3′- OH end at which a DNA polymerase start synthesis of DNA chain.
