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Mention any one significant difference between each of the following : 

(i) Prokaryotic genome and Eukaryotic genome 

(ii) Purine and Pyrimidine 

(iii) Centrifugation and Crystallography 

(iv) Glucose and Glycogen 

(v) Codon and Cosmid

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(i) Prokaryotic genome: In prokaryotic genome, a naked DNA is present, equal to single chromosome. 

Eukaryotic genome: In eukaryotic genome, DNA is associated with histone proteins and the number of chromosome is 2 to numerous. 

(ii) Purine: They are large size double ring structure e.g., Adenine, Guanine.

Pyrimidine: They are small in size, single ring structures e.g., Thymine, Cytosine. 

(iii) Centrifugation: A process to separate small molecules by the action of centrifugal force, simply a physical phenomenon. 

Crystallography: It is a technique of studying 3-D structure of macromolecules /atomic arrangement / crystal structure (proteins and nuclear acids) by placing in an intense beam of monochromatic X-rays, producing the regular pattern of reflections.

(iv) Glucose: It is a monosaccharide 

Glycogen: It is a polymer formed by condensation of large number of glucose monomers. 

(v) Codon: It is a sequence of three nitrogen bases in wRNA which determine the incorpo¬ration of a specific amino acid in a polypeptide chain 

Cosmid: They are formed by integration of plasmid with bacterial ori, an antibiotic selection marker, and a cloning site with one or more ‘cos’ sites derived from (λ) lambda bacteriophage.

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