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Name the first bio technologically created mammalian clone and also explain the methodology involved in it.

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Dolly (sheep) is the first cloned sheep. The methods involved in creation of dolly are : 

To Isolate donor nucleus: Firstly isolate the nucleus from a somatic (non-reproductive) cell of a adult donor sheep. The nucleus contains the complete genetic material of the organism. A micropipette is used to capture the nucleus and remove it from the cell. 

Recovery of unfertilized eggs: Remove some unfertilized egg cells (reproductive) from a female sheep. Many eggs are needed since not all of them will survive the various steps of cloning. 

Remove the egg’s nucleus: Nucleus is removed from egg which contains only one-half of the sheep’s genetic material. 

Insert donor nucleus : Insert the nucleus, with its complete genetic material, isolated from the donor mammal in Step 1 into the egg cell that has no nuclear material. The egg’s genetic material now contains all traits from the donor adult. This egg is genetically identical to the donor adult. 

Place the egg into womb : Transplant the eggs into a female sheep’s womb. Those eggs that survive will continue to develop into embryos. The egg matures in the womb. The offspring dolly is born, a clone (genetically identical) of the donor sheep. 

After cloning was successfully demonstrated through the production of Dolly, many other large mammals have been cloned, including horses and bulls. The attempt to clone argali (mountain sheep) did not produce viable embryos. The reprogramming process cells need to go through during cloning is not perfect and embryos produced by nuclear transfer often show abnormal development.

                   

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