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(i) What is meant by an ideal machine ? 

(ii) Write a relationship between the mechanical advantage (M.A.) and velocity ratio (V.R.) of an ideal machine. 

(iii) A coolie carrying a load on his head and moving on a frictionless horizontal platform does no work. Explain the reason why.

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(i) A machine with 100% efficiency is called an ideal machine. 

(ii) For an ideal machine, M.A. = V.R. 

(iii) Because the angle between the force applied (vertically upwards) and displacement of load (along the horizontal) is 90°. 

∵ W = Fd cos θ 

∴ W = Fd cos 90° = 0

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