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Suppose a manufacturer sold a cycle for a taxable value of Rs. 4000 to the wholesaler. Wholesaler sold it to the retailer for Rs.4800 (taxable value). Retailer sold it to a customer for Rs.5200 (taxable value). Rate of GST is 12%. Complete the following activity to find the payable CGST and SGST at each stage of trading.

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(a) The key function of Human Resource Management which Mr. Raj is expected to perform is Procurement function. 

The key activities performed under this function are as follows : 

1. Job Analysis : It is the process of studying in detail the operations and responsibilities involved in a job so as to identify the nature and level of human resources required to perform the job effectively. Job descriptions and job specifications are prepared with the help of information provided by job analysis. 

2. Human Resource Hanning : It is the process of estimating the present and future manpower requirements of the organisation, preparing inventory of present manpower and formulating action programmes to bridge the gaps in manpower. 

3. Recruitment : It is the process of searching for required personnel and stimulating – them to apply for jdjs in the organisation. A proper balance should be maintained between the internal and external sources of recruitment. 

4. Selection : It implies judging the suitability of different candidates for jobs in the organisation and choosing the most appropriate candidate. 

5. Placement : It means assigning suitable jobs to the selected candidates so as to match employee qualifications with job requirements. 

(b) The role of human resource management can be discussed at four levels – corporate, professional, social and national. 

Here, we explain two rules of HRM : 

1. Significance for an Enterprise: Human resource management can help an enterprise in achieving its goals more efficiently and effectively in the following ways : 

1. Attracting and retaining the required talent through effective human resource planning, recruitment, selection, placement, orientation, compensation and promotional policies. 

2. Developing the necessary skills and right attitudes among the employees through training, development, performance appraisal, etc. 

3. Securing willing cooperation of employees through motivation, participation, grievance handling, etc. 

4. Utilising effectively the available human resources. 

2. Professional Significance : Effective management of human resources helps to improve the quality of work life. It permits team work among employees by providing a healthy working environment. It contributes professional growth in die following ways : 

1. Providing maximum opportunities for personal development of each employee. 

2. Maintaining healthy relationships between individuals and different work groups 

3. Allocating work properly. 

(c) The main types of selection tests are as follows : 

1. Intelligence Tests : These tests are used to measure a person’s capacity for reasoning and comprehension in terms of his memory, vocabulary, mental alertness, capacity to grasp and to put together the elements of an abstract situation. A candidate’s IQ (Intelligence Quotient) or mental alertness can be estimated through intelligence tests. 

2. Aptitude Tests : Such tests seek to measure a candidate’s capacity to learn particular skills and his potential abilities. 

3. Trade Tests : These tests are designed to measure the applicant’s level of knowledge and skill already achieved in a particular trade or occupation. For example, candidates for the job of a typist may be asked to type a page so as to judge their speed and accuracy. Trade tests are also known as performance tests, proficiency tests or achievement tests. 

4. Interest Tests : Such tests are employed to find out the preferences of an individual for a certain type of work. 

5. Personality Tests : These tests are aimed at finding out emotional balance, maturity, temperament, etc., of the candidate.

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GST payable by manufacturer = Rs. 480 

Output tax of wholesaler 

= 12% of 4800 = 12/100 × 4800 = Rs. 576 

∴ GST payable by wholesaler 

= Output tax – Input tax 

= 576 – 480 

= Rs. 96

output tax of retailer = 12% of 5200

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