Question

Some Buddhist rock-cut caves are called Chaityas, while the others are called Viharas. What is the difference between the two? 

(a) Vihara is a place of worship, while Chaitya is the dwelling place of the monks 

(b) Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the dwelling place of the monks

(c) Chaitya is the stupa at the far end of the cave, while Vihara is the hall axial to it 

(d) There is no material difference between the two

Answer 1

(b) Chaityas refer to the halls enclosing the stupas. Chaityas were probably constructed to hold large numbers of devotees for prayer. Viharas on the other hand are constructions built in ancient India in order to provide resting places for the wandering Buddhist monks.