(a) The United Nations Organisation was established on October 24, 1945 with its headquarters at New York (USA) with the aim to save the coming generation from the scourge of another War.
Main objectives of the UNO are :
1. Peace
2. Human dignity
3. Justice
4. Human brotherhood
5. Cooperation
(b) (i) To maintain international peace and security.
(ii) To investigate any dispute or situation which may lead to friction.
(iii) To recommend methods of settling such disputes.
(iv) To formulate plans for the regulation of armaments.
(c) (i) Global tension caused by Cold War : Most of the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa realised that the division of the world into two power blocs was not in their larger interest and this might endanger world peace. These nations felt that by maintaining distance from both the super , powers they would put off the danger of another war.
(ii) Struggle against imperialism : The newly independent nations opted for nonalignment because most of these countries remained under big powers for a long period of time. They wanted to enjoy their newly acquired freedom and the power that had come with it.
(iii) Right of independent judgement : The newly independent nations were able to keep their own identity by not aligning with any of the power blocs. They wanted to solve their problems themselves without any outside interference or influence.
(iv) Use of moderation in relations to all big powers : The newly independent nations wanted to promote goodwill and co-operation among the nations of Asia and Africa and to explore and advance their mutual interests by establishing friendly relations with all the nations.
(v) Economic development : Most of the newly independent countries were facing problem of poverty and underdevelopment. To come out of this they needed financial and technical assistance from both the power blocs.
