Question

(a) Mention any two social reforms advocated by the British which affected the religious traditions of the Indian people.

(b) When and by whom was the Indian National Congress founded ?

(c) What were Curzon’s two real motives behind the Partition of Bengal ?

(d) Mention two reasons why the Lucknow pact is considered important in the history of the Indian National Congress.

(e) State two methods of political struggle evolved by Mahatma Gandhi as part of the national movement.

(f) Mention any two policies of Gorbachev that brought democracy to the USSR.

(g) Mention any two important consequences of the First World War.

(h) Where are the headquarters of the WHO located ? Mention any one function of the Security Council.

(i) Name two organizations which fight for Human Rights.

(j) Explain the meaning of Cold War. What was the objective of the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 1

(a) (i) Widow Remarriage Act. 

(ii) Abolition of Sati. 

(b) Indian National Congress was founded by A.O. Hume in December, 1885. 

(c) Curzon’s real motives behind the partition of Bengal were: 

1. To curb the radical Bengali Nationalist and thus to weaken the Nationalist Movement. 

2. To set the Hindus and Muslims against each other. 

(d) (a) It brought an unity between the aggressive nationalists and moderates. 

(b) It was a step towards Hindu-Muslim unity. 

(e) Two methods of political struggle evolved by Mahatma Gandhi as part of the National Movement are : 

1. Satyagrah of 1919, in which he opposed the Rowlatt Bills which endangered the life, liberty and property of the people. 

2. Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 to oppose the British laws which were against the interest of the people of India. 

(f) Answer has not given due to out of present syllabus. 

(g) The consequences of the First World War are: 

1. There was a great loss of life. Eighty lakh people were wounded, many were rendered invalid for the whole of their life. 

2. The expenditure on the Allied side was nearly forty-one thousand million pounds and that on the German side over fifteen thousand million pounds which create financial problems for years and years. 

(h) The WHO has its headquarters in Geneva (Switzerland). 

Function of the Security Council: 

The Security Council may investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international friction. 

(i) (1) UN Human Right Commission 

(2) High Commissioner for Human Rights. 

(j) Cold War: A deep mutual rivalry and hostility grew between the Soviet bloc , and the American bloc. There was no armed conflict and the hostility was noncooperation, such attitude of the two blocs came to be called the Cold War. It was also a war of words, of ideologies and of nerves. It created a communication barrier between peoples and governments. The main objective of Truman Doctrine is to keep Russia’s Power or area of control within acceptable limits or boundaries.