1. Factors on which efficiency of labour depends
1. Racial Characteristics: The efficiency of labour to a great extent depends upon the racial stock to which it belongs and the heredity of labour. People of some regions are physically sturdy and hard working as compared to other places. As such they are very enterprising and comparatively more efficient in jobs where physical labour is involved.
2. Climatic Conditions: It has been found that climatic conditions greater influences the efficiency of workers. Generally, cold climate is more conductive to hard work than the hotter one. The workers of the temperate regions are more hard working than those of tropical regions. However, extremely cold climate is also unfavourable for human activities. Accordingly the productivity of worker is influenced by the climatic conditions to a considerable extent.
3. General and Technical Education: The general education broadens the knowledge, develops the intellect and improves the skill of a person. The technical education provides knowledge to a worker concerning different systems of work of the productive units. All these make an educated person more efficient and better in skills, as compared to an uneducated and untrained person.
4. Personal Qualities and Character: The workers possessing good moral character and having qualities like honesty, intelligence, preserverance, resourcefulness, sense of responsibility and ability to take correct decision will definitely be more efficient than those who do not possess the above qualities. Personal qualities of willingness to work and to progress in life, makes a worker more ambitious and he becomes more and more hard working and efficient. Such workers do not remain satisfied with their present position and always remain active for further progress in life.
2. Causes of Inefficiency of Indian Labour:
1. Low Wages: If higher efficiency leads to higher income, then only the workers have the incentive to become more efficient. But generally the wages of labour in India are low and so is the standard of living. As such, the workers are not in a positive mood to keep themselves physically and mentally fit and in sound health, and they have little leisure time for recreation. This is also a cause of low efficiency.
2. Migratory Character: A very high proportion of worker usually come to . work in factories from villages when their agricultural activities are minimum. During the period when the agricultural activities start, these workers take leave or remain absent from work. This type of migratory behaviour lowers the efficiency of workers and productivity of industrial units.
