Nutrition is the science of foods which deals with the dynamic process in which the food constituent is digested, nutrients are absorbed and distributed to the tissues for utilization and wastes are disposed off from the body. Food is a mixture of various substances which are essential for life whereas nutrition is a dynamic process in which body is made healthy by consumption of food. The various components in food are
Nutritive components
- Proteins – It contains nitrogenous compounds which helps in repairing the tissues and body building. Its sources are
Animals – meat, fish, egg, milk, cheese.
Plants – pulses, nuts, beans, oil seed.
- Carbohydrates – provide energy to the body. Its main sources are- Starch-wheat, rice, potatoes, etc
Sugar- honey, sugarcane, milk, etc.
Cellulose -fruits and vegetables
- Fats – It provides more calories, produces heat and potential energy, provides protection to vital organs such as heart, kidney and intestine. Sources -
Animals – milk, butter, cheese, egg
Vegetables – ground nut, mustard, sunflower, coconut
- Vitamins – these are complex organic compounds which act as catalyst in various body processes. Vitamin B and C are water soluble and Vitamin A, D and K are fat soluble.
- Minerals – They are minute quantities of chemicals, vital for smooth running of the body.
Non-Nutritive components
- Fiber or roughage – It is the dietary fibers help to clean out the digestive track and bowel and prevents infection and diseases. Examples are fruits and grains.
- Artificial sweeteners – It is the best substitute of sugar less calorie and carbohydrates.
- Water-prevents dehydration, helps in the removal of byproducts of cell metabolism.
- Color Compounds – It makes food more attractive and presentable.
- Flavor Compounds – It develops better taste of the food.
- Plant Compounds – They have non nutritive values and also contain colors and flavors.
