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Read the following passage carefully. 

1. It’s a busy world. You fold the laundry while keeping one eye on the kids and another on the television. You plan your day while listening to the radio and commuting to work, and then plan your weekend. But in the rush to accomplish necessary tasks, you may find yourself losing your connection with the present moment—missing out on what you’re doing and how you’re feeling. Did you notice whether you felt well-rested this morning or that forsythia is in bloom along your route to work? 

2. Mindfulness is the practice of purposely focusing your attention on the present moment—and accepting it without judgment. Mindfulness is now being examined scientifically and has been found to be a key element in happiness. 

3. The cultivation of mindfulness has roots in Buddhism, but most religions include some type of prayer or meditation technique that helps shift your thoughts away from your usual preoccupations toward an appreciation of the moment and a larger perspective on life. 

4. Professor Emeritus Jon Kabat-Zinn, founder and former director of the Stress Reduction Clinic at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, helped to bring the practice of mindfulness meditation into mainstream medicine and demonstrated that practicing mindfulness can bring improvements in both physical and psychological symptoms as well as positive changes in health attitudes and behaviors. 

5. Mindfulness improves well being. Increasing your capacity for mindfulness supports many attitudes that contribute to a satisfied life. Being mindful makes it easier to savor the pleasures in life as they occur, helps you become fully engaged in activities, and creates a greater capacity to deal with adverse events. By focusing on the here and now, many people who practise mindfulness find that they are less likely to get caught up in worries about the future or regrets over the past, are less preoccupied with concerns about success and self-esteem, and are better able to form deep connections with others. 

6. Mindfulness improves physical health. If greater well-being isn’t enough of an incentive, scientists have discovered the benefits of mindfulness techniques which help improve physical health in a number of ways. Mindfulness can help relieve stress, treat heart disease, lower blood pressure, reduce chronic pain and improve sleep. 

7. Mindfulness improves mental health. In recent years, psychotherapists have turned to mindfulness meditation as an important element in the treatment of a number of problems, including depression and substance abuse. 

8. Some experts believe that mindfulness works, in part, by helping people to accept their experiences—including painful emotions—rather than react to them with aversion and avoidance. 

9. It’s become increasingly common for mindfulness meditation to be combined with psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy. This development makes good sense, since both meditation and cognitive behavioral therapy share the common goal of helping people gain perspective on irrational, maladaptive, and selfdefeating thoughts. 

I. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option: 

(a) Mindfulness promotes: 

1. acceptance of painful emotions 

2. savoring of pleasures of life 

3. both (1) and (2) 

4. love for psychotherapy 

(b) What is not true about techniques of mindfulness: 

1. all have roots in Buddhism 

2. they shift thoughts away from usual preoccupations 

3. help appreciate the moment 

4. contribute to a satisfied life. 

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible.

(a) What is mindfulness? 

(b) What is the relationship between mindfulness and happiness? 

(c) How does mindfulness improve physical health? 

(d) How does mindfulness improve mental health? 

(e) Why is mindfulness being combined with psychotherapy these days? 

(f) How can we cultivate the habit of being mindfulness? 

III. Find words from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following.

(a) hostile, unfavourable (para 3) 

(b) Hatred (para 8)

1 Answer

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I. (a) (1) acceptance of painful emotions 

(b) (1) all have roots in Buddhism 

II. (a) Mindfulness is the practice of purposely focusing your attention on the present moment and accepting it without judgment. 

(b) Mindfulness brings happiness in our life as it helps us become fully engaged in activities and increases our capacity to deal with adverse situations.

(c) Mindfulness techniques help improve physical health in a number of ways. Mindfulness can help relieve stress, treat heart disease, lower blood pressure, reduce chronic pain and improve sleep.

(d) Mindfulness meditation is an important element in the treatment of a number of problems including depression and substance abuse.

(e) Mindfulness techniques are being combined with psychotherapy as both share the common goal of helping people gain perspective on irrational, maladaptive, and self-defeating thoughts.

(f) We can do so by including a certain type of prayer or meditation technique that shifts our thoughts away from our usual preoccupations. 

III. (a) adverse 

(b) aversion

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