1. Most of the compounds of transition elements are paramagnetic.
2. Materials with no elementary magnetic dipoles are diamagnetic. In other words a species with all paired electrons exhibits diamagnetism.
3. Paramagnetic solids having unpaired electrons possess magnetic dipoles which are isolated from one another.
4. Ferromagnetic materials have domain structure and in each domain the magnetic dipoles are arranged. But the spin dipoles of the adjacent domains are randomly oriented. Some transition elements or ions with unpaired d electrons show ferromagnetism.
5. 3d transition metal ions in paramagnetic solids often have a magnetic dipole moments corresponding to the electron spin contribution only. So the magnetic moment of the ion is given by
µ = g\(\sqrt {S(S+1)}\) µB
Where g = 2, S is the total spin quantum number of the electrons.
µB = Bohr Magneton.
For an ion with ‘n’ unpaired electrons S = \(\frac{n}{2}\)
Therefore the spin only magnetic moment is µ =
