. The common oxidation state of lanthanoids is +3. In addition to that some of the lanthanoids also show either +2 or +4 oxidation states.
2. Gd3+ and Lu3+ ions have extra stability, it is due to half filled and completely filled f-orbitals.
3. Cerium and terbium attain 4f7 and 4f14 configurations respectively in the +4 oxidation states.
4. Eu2+ and Yb3+ ions have exactly half filled and completely filled f orbitals.
5. Lu shows only +3 oxidation state.
6. Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb and Dy exhibit +3 and +4 oxidation states.
7. Nd, Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb exhibit +2 oxidation states also.