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What is meant by ligand? Explain their types with examples.

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The ligands are the atoms of groups of atoms bound to the central metal atom / ion. The atom in a ligand that is bound directly to the central metal atom is known as a donor atom. 

Ligands are of 5 types:

1. Cationic ligand – e.g., NH2 – NH3+ Hydrazinium 

2. Anionic ligand – e.g., Br Bromido 

3. Neutral ligand – e.g., H2O Aqua 

4. Mono dendate ligand – A ligand can be connected by one coordinate bond, e.g – F fluorido

5. Ambidendate ligand – A ligand can be connected by more than one coordinate mode. 

  • e.g., – NCS iso thio cyanato (KN) 
  • – SCN thio cyanato (KS)

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