Crop Production:
1. Crop Production includes all the feed sources that are required to maintain the dairy herd and the resource inputs used to produce the crops.
2. The type of feed depends on the animal management. System – conventional or organic.
3. Feeds may include mainly corn-silage, corn – grain, alfalfa – hay and alfalfasilage, soybeans, soybean meal, wheat, oats, distiller’s grains solids, with grasses,forage, and hay and dietary supplements such as minerals.
4. The inventory would include the production of all feed crops raised on the form, purchased from a vendor or other farm, or sold to another farm.
5. In the United States, larger farms purchase feed while smaller farms grow their own feed. [USDA ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE, 2007] USDA – United States Development Association.
6. A separate analysis would be conducted for the feed milling operations to account for its resource inputs such as fuel used in transportation and electricity.
7. Inputs in crop production include fuel for tractors and other equipment, water, machinery, fertilizer, pesticides.
8. Manure nutrients are a resource input if used in crop production.
Important sources of irrigation available in India villages are as follows:
There are three major sources of irrigation in India.
They are:-
1. Canals
2. Wells and Tube – wells
3. Tanks
- Wells and Tube wells are the major source of irrigation.
- Canals rank second.
- Tanks rank third.
Canal irrigation: Canal irrigation has its maximum development in the Great Plains and in the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna deltas in the eastern coastal plains.
Wells and Tube – wells: Wells and Tube – wells are popular in the alluvial plains.
Living condition of farmers:
1. Small holder farmers already face numerous risks to agricultural production.
2. Climate change is expected to disproportionately affect small holder farmers and make their livlihoods even more precarious.
3. Farmers crop with risks and explore what strategies are needed to help them adapt to climate change.
4. Agricultural system owing to their high dependence on agriculture for their livelihood, chronic food insecurity,physical, isolation and lack of access to formal safety nets.
5. Farmers are frequently exposed to pest and disease outbreaks and extreme whether events particularly cyclones.
6. Farmers use a variety of risk cropping strategies.
7. To prevent them from remaining food insecure.
8. Few farmers have adjusted their farming strategies in response to climate change, owing to limited resources and capacity.
9. Technical, Financial and Institutional support is needed to improve the agricultural production and food security.
10. Farmers and make their livelihoods resilient to climate change.
