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Explain the mechanism of Cannizaro reaction.

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1. In the presence of concentrated aqueous or alcoholic alkali, aldehydes which do not have α – hydrogen atom undergo self oxidation and reduction to give a mixture of alcohol and a salt of carboxylic acid. This reaction is called Cannizaro reaction.

2. Benzaldehyde on treatment with concentrated NaOH (50%) gives benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate.

Mechanism 

Cannizaro reaction involves three steps.

3. Step 1:

Attack of OH- on the carbonyl carbons.

4. Step 2: 

Hydride ion transfer

5. Step 3: 

Acid – base reaction

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