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An organic compound (A) of molecular formula C2H4O gives brisk effervescence with sodium carbonate. (A) on reaction with thiony chloride gives (B) of formula C2H3OCI. (B) on reaction with Pd/BaSO4 gives (C) of molecular formula C2H4O that reduces Tollen’s reagent to silver mirror. (C) on reaction with dilute NaOH gives (D) of molecular formula C4H8O2 . identify A,B,C,D and explain the reactions involved

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1. (A) gives brisk effervescence with Na2CO3 means it must be a carboxylic acid. So (A) must be CH3COOH Acetic acid. 

2. Acetic acid reacts with thionyl chloride to give acetyl chloride CH3COCI as (B)

3. Acetyl chloride reacts with Pd/BaSO4 , it undergoes Rosenmund’s reduction to give acetaldehyde as (C)

4. When acetaldehyde is warmed with dilute NaOH, it undergoes aldol condensation to

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