1. Size of the atom:
The new electron which was added experiences stronger attraction to its nucleus if the atoms are smaller in size.
Atomic size α \(\frac{1}{Electron\,gain\,enthalpy}\)
2. Nuclear charge:
The new electron which was added experiences stronger attraction to its nucleus if the atom possess greater nuclear charge. Nuclear charge α Electron gain enthalpy
3. Electronic configuration:
An atom with stable electronic configuration has no tendency to gain an electron. Such atoms have zero or almost zero electron gain enthalpy.
